Published Date: 2023-03-04 11:01:40 GMT
Subject: PRO/AH> Foot & mouth disease - Iraq (06): livestock, st SAT-2, spread, WOAH
Archive Number: 20230304.8708723
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - IRAQ (06): LIVESTOCK, SEROTYPE SAT-2, SPREAD, WOAH
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org
Date: Sun 26 Feb 2023
Source: WOAH-WAHIS (World Animal Health Information System) 2023 [abridged, edited]
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-event/4856/dashboard
Iraq, FMDV SAT-2, follow-up report no.5
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General information
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Event ID 4856
Disease: Foot and mouth disease virus
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Genotype/Serotype: SAT-2
Start date: 3 Jan 2023
Confirmation date: 15 Jan 2023
Event status: ongoing
Epidemiology
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Source of event or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: Active surveillance is in place to update and confirm the new disease foci. The source and phylogeny of the causative lineage/sub lineage is under investigation (pathological samples sent to SAP institute/Türkiye). No vaccination zoning / and no mass vaccination campaign due to delay in purchasing vaccines, animal movement restriction.
Quantitative data summary
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Epidemiological statistics of 9 new outbreaks, per species:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Culled / Slaughtered / Vaccinated
Buffaloes / 1032 / 336 / 33 / 0 / 0 / 0
Cattle / 1065 / 600 / 34 / 0 / 0 / 0
Sheep / 1451 / 135 / 7 / 0 / 0 / 0
Goats / 80 / 15 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Total epidemiological statistics of 23 outbreaks since start of event:
Species / Cases / Deaths / Vaccinated
Buffaloes / 2091 / 159 / 0
Cattle / 1926 / 55 / 0
Sheep / 23 878 / 17 / 0
Goats / 80 / 15 / 0
Diagnostic details
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Clinical signs: yes
Method of diagnostic: diagnostic test
a.
Test name: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR)
Laboratory: Central Veterinary Laboratory
Species sampled: cattle, buffaloes
Outbreak: Gogjaly, Zarqa
Result date: 15 Jan 2023
Result: positive
b.
Test name: Gene sequencing
Laboratory: The Pirbright Institute
Species sampled: cattle, buffaloes
Outbreak: Gogjaly, Zarqa [other (Latin) names: Gogjali, Gukjalt, Qaryat Kukjali, Gagjali; map at https://tinyurl.com/y4j5pfdp]
Result date: 2 Feb 2023
Result: positive
--
communicated by:
ProMED
[Iraq's immediate notification of the event was submitted on 26 Jan 2023. The 5 follow-up reports (FURs) published since, were submitted on 1, 3, 3, 12, and 26 Feb 2023. All are available at https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-event/4856/dashboard.
Follow-up report no.5 presents 9 new outbreaks, similarly spread from the extreme north west to the south east of the country, reported from the following locations/provinces: Mosil/Ninawa, Karbala/Karbala, Dayala/Diyala, Al-Diwania/Al-Qadisiyah, Baghdad/Baghdad, Babil/Babil, Alnajaf/An-Najaf, Alramadi/Al-Anbar, and Al-Basrah/Al-Basrah.
Outbreaks have been reported, since the start of the event in January 2023, from locations spread throughout Iraq, from Mosul in the north-west, bordering north east Syria and south east Turkey (the "Kurdish triangle"), down to the south east, bordering Kuwait on the south and south west Iran on the east. All 23 outbreaks are presented on WOAH's updated (26 Feb 2023) map, at https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-event/4856/dashboard.
Information on the genotyping results of the strain involved may allow tracing the origin of the pathogen, its route of introduction, and its relationship with other FMDV SAT-2 strains, in particular the Jordanian strain and East-African strains.
The WRLFMD, Pirbright, publishes test results after obtaining the consent of the relevant country to do so. When Iraq's consent is given, the genotyping results are expected to become available on Iraq's page (https://www.wrlfmd.org/western-and-central-asia/iraq#panel-7312).
The continuing circulation of the exotic virus in Iraq is a cause for great concern, regionally, warranting alertness -- particularly in neighboring Syria, Iran, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. The situation in Jordan is discussed in ProMED post 20230303.8708700. - Mod. AS
ProMED map:
Iraq: https://promedmail.org/promed-post?place=8708723,89]
