Published Date: 2019-02-16 15:15:30
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Palestinian Auth: (WE) sheep, 2018, st O, tt EA-3
Archive Number: 20190216.6320472
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE - PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY: (WEST BANK) SHEEP, 2018, SEROTYPE O, TOPOTYPE EA-3
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Date: Sat 16 Feb 2019 [accessed]
Source: FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD) serotyping & genotyping reports, Palestinian Authority, WRLFMD/2019/00006 [summ., edited]
http://www.wrlfmd.org/western-and-central-asia/palestine#panel-8412
Date received: 15 Jan 2019
Country of origin: Palestinian Autonomous Territories
Date test completed: 31 Jan 2019
WRL reference PAT 1/2018
Description of sample: Sheep, fluid/cell culture, collected 29 Jul 2018
PCR result: FMDV GD
Serotyping result by cell culture/ELISA: O
FMDV serotype: O
Country: Palestinian Autonomous Territories
Year: 2018
Batch: WRLFMD/2019/00006
No. of sequences: 1
Report date: 2 Feb 2019
Report generated by: Nick Knowles
Report checked by: Jemma Wadsworth
Virus sample name: PAT/1/2018
Sender reference: 326215 (47)
Location of origin: Hebron
Country of origin: Palestinian Autonomous Territories
Date of collection: 29 Jul 2018
Host species: Sheep
Serotype: O
Topotype: EA-3
Lineage: --
Sub-lineage: --
Sequence length: 633
Ambiguities: 0
Material submitted for sequencing: BTy1
Created: 2 Feb 2019
Last updated: 2 Feb 2019
Sequence / Virus name / Host / Percentage Id. / No. ambig. / Serotype / Topotype
viba_35671 / PAT/12/2017 / Sheep / 100.0 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_35667 / PAT/11/2017 / Sheep / 100.0 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_33716 / West Bank/PAT/2017 / Sheep / 100.0 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_35740 / ISR/15/2017 / Cattle / 99.7 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_35679 / PAT/14/2017 / Cattle / 99.7 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_34020 / Yatta-Kraisah/PAT/2017 / Cattle / 99.7 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_35675 / PAT/13/2017 / Cattle / 99.7 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_34015 / Ayn al-Sahla/ISR/2017 / Cattle / 99.7 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_35748 / ISR/17/2017 / Cattle / 99.7 / 0 / O / EA-3
viba_34036 / Bani Na'im/PAT/2017 C / Sheep / 99.5 / 0 / O / EA-3
[For the 10 most closely related prototype sequences, please go to the source URL.]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[FMDV O/EA-3 is known to be endemic in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, and Sudan. This virus has been circulating in Egypt at least since 2012. According to media reports, the disease was introduced into the Gaza Strip in January 2017, from Egypt, by illegally imported livestock through tunnels between Sinai and the Gaza Strip (see 20170316.4903671). The cases in fattening cattle were later officially reported to the OIE. One outbreak was reported in February 2017 in a single dairy cattle operation in adjacent southwest Israel.
The initial genotyping of the virus strains in the Gaza Strip and southwest Israel, as FMDV "O EA-3" was carried out by the Kimron Veterinary Institute at Beit-Dagan, Israel; this has later been confirmed by the WRLFMD (Pirbright), where the strains from the West Bank (Yatta) were found to be of the same East African/Egyptian genotype. The results obtained at Pirbright, addressing samples collected in Egypt during 2016 and 2017 in several governorates, are available at http://www.wrlfmd.org/sites/world/files/WRLMEG-2018-00004-EGY-GTR-O-O_001.pdf.
In May 2017, and again in November 2017, several outbreaks, caused by the same virus, were reported in the West Bank (Palestinian Autonomous Territories) in cattle, sheep and goats; one cattle herd was infected in Ayn-al-Sahla, Israel, adjacent to the northern demarcation line with the Palestinian territory (20170608.5090630). This was, as far as we currently know, the last outbreak caused by this strain in Israel.
The disease reportedly recurred in the central and northern parts of the West Bank in June and July 2018, but the causative agent remained untyped until late January 2019, when samples were submitted to WRLFMD, leading to its being serotyped O and genotyped EA-3, as reported above. During the same period, and later in 2018, FMD caused 2 extensive FMD events in northern parts of Israel, caused by strains of FMDV serotype O, topotype ME-SA, lineage PanAsia-2. This still continuing event has involved also wildlife, mainly wild boar and gazelles.
Thus, it may be concluded that, at least until recently, 2 different topotypes of FMDV-O have been circulating simultaneously in the territory encompassing Israel and the Palestinian authority. One, "O EA-3," originating from Egypt, is mainly circulating in the West Bank; its southern route of introduction is regarded exceptional. The other one, ME-SA/PanAsia-2, is found in northern and northeastern parts of Israel, most likely introduced from Syria/Lebanon and, less likely, northwest Jordan. A route familiar for decades. - Mod.AS
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map:
Palestinian Authority: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/92]
