Published Date: 2019-01-11 14:22:52
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Tunisia: (JE, KS) bovine, ovine, st O, spread, OIE
Archive Number: 20190111.6253492
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE - TUNISIA: (JENDOUBA, KASSERINE) BOVINE, OVINE, SEROTYPE O, SPREAD, OIE
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
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Date: Thu 10 Jan 2019
Source: OIE, WAHIS (World Animal Health Information System) 2019; 32(02) [edited]
http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=29158
Foot and mouth disease, Tunisia
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Information received [and dated] on 10 Jan 2019 from Dr. Malek Zrelli, [Director General, General Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture], Tunis, Tunisia
Report type: Follow-up report no. 1
Date of start of the event: 15 Dec 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 21 Dec 2018
Report date: 10 Jan 2019
Date submitted to OIE: 10 Jan 2019
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 26 May 2017
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: O
Nature of diagnosis: Clinical, laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to the whole country.
Related reports: Immediate notification (24 Dec 2018)
Follow-up report no. 1 (10 Jan 2019)
New outbreaks (3)
Outbreak 1: Rouii, Rouii, Ain Drahem, Jendouba
Date of start of the outbreak: 27 Dec 2018
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Farm
Affected animals
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 9 / 9 / 0 / 0 / 0
Outbreak 2: Khanguet Jazia, Khanguet Jazia, Hassi Elferid, Kasserine
Date of start of the outbreak: 31 Dec 2018
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Farm
Affected animals
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Sheep / 81 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0
Outbreak 3: Chorfa 2, Chorfa 2, Jendouba, Jendouba
Date of start of the outbreak: 31 Dec 2018
Outbreak status: Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: Farm
Affected animals
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 6 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 3
Total animals affected
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 15 / 11 / 0 / 0 / 0
Sheep / 81 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0
Outbreak statistics (rates apparent, in percentages)
Species / Morbidity rate / Mortality rate / Case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Cattle / 73.33 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00
Sheep / 4.94 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: Launch of the vaccination campaign against foot and mouth disease in cattle and small ruminants in 2019 scheduled for 14 Jan 2019. Samples were sent to the OIE reference laboratory: the laboratory of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses-LSAn), France.
Control measures
Measures applied: Surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone; surveillance within containment and/or protection zone; vaccination permitted; no treatment of affected animals.
Measures to be applied: Vaccination in response to the outbreak(s).
Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
[The locations of the outbreaks can be seen on the interactive map at the source URL above.]
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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The involvement of small ruminants in foot and mouth disease (FMD) epidemiology in the Maghreb countries and the need to include sheep and goat flocks in the mass vaccination schemes have been repeatedly addressed by Mod.AB in his commentaries accompanying reports on FMD in the ProMED-MENA (Middle East/North Africa) regional list. Some recent examples include http://www.promedmail.org/post/6096858, http://www.promedmail.org/post/5973325, http://www.promedmail.org/post/5947203, and http://www.promedmail.org/post/5255936.
The following comment, published in FAO's monthly FMD situation report for November 2018 (published 21 Dec 2018), is of relevance:
"Considering the recent incursions of FMD in North Africa (years 2014/15 - 2017 - 2018), Algeria-Tunisia-Morocco agreed to implement and share the results of a coordinated multi-country risk based surveillance aimed at verifying the silent circulation of the disease in the region. The surveillance that was carried out before the occurrence of outbreaks in Algeria (2018), was able to demonstrate the presence of FMDV circulation among the small ruminant population in Algeria and in some border areas of Morocco (with Algeria), and Tunisia (with Algeria and Libya)" (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/eufmd/FMD_reports_GMR/November_GMR_2018.pdf).
The relatively small number of reported FMD cases in sheep, as apparent from the above Tunisian follow-up report, may be misleading, reflecting just clinical cases while more -- probably most -- sheep undergo subclinical or unnoticed infection, becoming the reservoir for further virus spread in susceptible cattle.
On Thu 10 Jan 2019, Morocco has joined Algeria and Tunisia and reported its 1st FMD outbreak this year [2019]; see OIE immediate notification at http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=29162. - Mod.AS
HealthMap/ProMED-mail maps:
Tunisia: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/71
Jendouba, Tunisia: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/30586
Kasserine, Tunisia: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/39148]
