Published Date: 2017-08-18 11:15:04
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Zimbabwe: (MV,MA) bovine, OIE
Archive Number: 20170818.5256997
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - ZIMBABWE: (MASVINGO, MANICALAND) BOVINE, OIE
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Date: Wed 16 Aug 2017
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2017; 30(33) [edited]
http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=24570
Foot-and-mouth disease, Zimbabwe
Information received on [and dated] 16 Aug 2017 from Dr Unesu Hildah Ushewokunze-Obatolu, principal director, Department of Livestock and Veterinary Services, Harare, Zimbabwe
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 21 Jul 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 25 Jul 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 14 Oct 2016
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: not typed
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory (basic)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (11)
Outbreak 1: Davata, Chiredzi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 21 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 1341 / 176 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 2: Pesvi, Chiredzi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 21 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 830 / 15 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same grazing and watering points.
Outbreak 3: Bubye, Mwenezi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 22 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 1949 / 150 / 10 / 0 / 0
Affected population: Cattle of varying age groups sharing the same grazing and watering points.
Outbreak 4: Dinhe, Mwenezi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 25 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 2285 / 67 / 15 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 5: Taguta, Chipinge, Manicaland
Date of start of the outbreak: 25 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 439 / 116 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 6: Stage 3A, Chipinge, Manicaland
Date of start of the outbreak: 26 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 445 / 27 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 7: Chirindi, Mwenezi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 26 Jul 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 1583 / 251 / 11 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 8: Vhelemu, Chiredzi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 3 Aug 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 1500 / 16 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 9: Chengwe, Mwenezi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 3 Aug 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 2265 / 37 / 6 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 10: Chipfugwana, Chiredzi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 10 Aug 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 1047 / 127 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points.
Outbreak 11: Mwambe, Mwenezi, Masvingo
Date of start of the outbreak: 16 Aug 2017
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 1047 / 127 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: cattle of varying age groups sharing the same watering and grazing points
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 11
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 14967 / 1094 / 49 / 0 / 0
Outbreak statistics [rates apparent, expressed as percentages]:
Species / Morbidity rate / Mortality rate / Case fatality rate / Proportion susceptible animals lost*
Cattle / 7.31 / 0.33 / 4.48 / 0.33
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction, and / or slaughter
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: contact with infected animals(s) at grazing/watering, contact with wild species
Epidemiological comments: the outbreaks are occurring in FMD vaccination zones of the south-eastern lowveld which lies close to a national park (Gonarezhou) and wildlife conservancies. Routine vaccinations in these areas are now long overdue. Mixing of cattle and buffaloes is being exacerbated by the shortage of grazing pastures. All the infected districts have been placed under quarantine with veterinary check-points also manned by police personnel placed at strategic areas to prevent cattle movement. Inspections and community education campaigns are currently on-going.
Control measures
Measures applied: movement control inside the country, vaccination in response to the outbreak(s), surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone, surveillance within containment and/or protection zone, traceability, quarantine, control of wildlife reservoirs, zoning, no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: no other measures
Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Test / Test date / Result
Central Veterinary Laboratory (national laboratory) / Cattle / antibody detection ELISA / 25 Jul 2017 / Positive
Botswana Vaccine Institute (OIE reference laboratory) / Cattle / virus isolation / Pending
Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
[The location of the outbreaks can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]
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[According to the Zimbabwe page on the WRLFMD [World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease] website at http://www.wrlfmd.org/fmd_genotyping/africa/zim.htm, the following serotypes have been recorded there throughout the years:
FMDV-SAT 1 (livestock): 1937, 1953, 1957-1962, 1966, 1972, 1976, 1978-1981, 1989, 1999, 2003-2004, 2015
FMDV-SAT 1 (buffalo): 1988, 1990-1998
FMDV-SAT 2 (livestock): 1931, 1950, 1951-1955, 1957-1962, 1964-1967, 1970-1973, 1975-1981, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1990 (carrier cattle only), 1991, 1997, 2000-2004, 2009-2011, 2013-2015
FMDV-SAT 2 (buffalo): 1988-1991, 1994-1995, 1997-1998
FMDV-SAT 3 (livestock): 1934, 1953-1954, 1974-1978, 1981, 1983-1984, 1991, 1999, 2013
FMDV-SAT 3 (buffalo): 1990-1991, 1994
All 3 SAT types are endemic in the African buffalo population.
See maps of Zimbabwe at http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/zimbabwe_map.htm and http://healthmap.org/promed/p/171. - Mod.CRD]
