Published Date: 2018-09-11 13:30:49
Subject: PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Israel (07): (HZ) bovine, st O, OIE
Archive Number: 20180911.6021871
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - ISRAEL (07): (HAZAFON) BOVINE, SEROTYPE O, OIE
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases http://www.isid.org
Date: Mon 10 Sep 2018
Source: OIE, WAHID (World Animal Health Information Database), weekly disease information 2018; 31(37) [edited]
http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=27895
Foot-and-mouth disease [FMD], Israel
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Information received on [and dated] 10 Sep 2018 from Dr Shlomo Garazi, Chief Officer for Import and Export of the Veterinary Services, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, Israel
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 5 Sep 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 9 Sep 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 16 Jul 2018
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: O
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory (basic and advanced)
This event pertains a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak 1 (Mughar) [Maghar]: Mughar [Maghar], Kineret, Hazafon [Northern district]
Date of start of the outbreak: 5 Sep 2018
Outbreaks status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: farm
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 200 / 10 / 0 / 0 / 0
Goats / 40 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: a herd of 200 free-ranging beef cattle and 40 goats. The herd was vaccinated in December 2017.
Outbreak statistics [rates apparent, expressed as percentages]:
Species / morbidity rate / mortality rate / case fatality rate / proportion susceptible animals lost*
Cattle / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0
Goats / 0 / 0 / - / 0
*Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction, and/or slaughter
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: the epidemiological investigation is ongoing.
Control measures
Measures applied: movement control inside the country, quarantine, zoning, vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists), no treatment of affected animals;
Measures to be applied: vaccination in response to the outbreak(s), surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone, surveillance within containment and/or protection zone
Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type: Kimron Veterinary Institute [KVI], FMD laboratory (national laboratory)
Species / Test / Test date / Result
Cattle / pathogen isolation on cell culture / 9 Sep 2018 / positive
Cattle / real-time PCR / 9 Sep 2018 / positive
Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
[The location of this outbreak can be seen on the interactive map included in the OIE report at the source URL above.]
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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Israel has experienced an FMD epizootic during 2018, comprising 10 reported outbreaks in its northern district ("Hazafon"), which started 2 Apr 2018 (1st outbreak), affecting cattle, sheep, wildlife (numerous mountain gazelles and several captive deer). All outbreaks, including the last one which started 7 Jul 2018, were declared resolved on 16 Jul 2018. All outbreaks were caused by a newly introduced FMDV strain, namely O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2(QOM-15), against which the applied vaccine was regarded as matching.
FMD has also been reported during 2018 from 4 locations in the West Bank (Palestinian Authority), where it is, reportedly still "continuing". The virus strain in the West Bank has not been serotyped nor genotyped, but considered to be similar to the one reported from Israel.
The current outbreak in Maghar, a municipality of about 22 000 inhabitants between Israel's Lower and Upper Galilee (map at https://goo.gl/maps/bot3dh3GzaH2), has been, likely, caused by the same virus strain; however, genotyping is expected to be performed.
The SA/PanAsia-2(QOM-15) virus strain has probably been circulating during 2018 in the territories of other Middle-Eastern countries, including neighboring Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. All mentioned outbreaks in Israel and the West Bank, during 2018, can be seen on OIE's interactive map at https://tinyurl.com/y75sed53 (click on Israel, zoom in). The absence of reports from other countries in the Middle east is striking.
FMD has been characterized in Israel, for decades, by a seasonal pattern; in most cases epizootics starting during January-March, peaking in May. In 2018, the virus seems to continue its circulation longer than usual. This deserves further investigation.
In Mid-May 2018, the following comment was included in posting 20180515.5798415:
"The possible role of wild boar in FMD virus dissemination deserves to be further investigated. _Suidae_ are regarded as the most prolific amplifiers of the FMD virus and have long been signified as the origin of airborne spread of the virus for considerable distances. Sampling of sera and other relevant tissues from wild boars in the Jordan valley, and their testing, should shed more light upon the role of wild boar in the epidemiology of FMD in Israel, Jordan and the region at large. It will be interesting to note whether the virus spreads further in domestic animals as well as wildlife, similar to the scenario in 1985, when gazelles were severely affected." - Mod.AS
HealthMap/ProMED map available at:
Maghār, Northern District, Israel: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/64536]
