Published Date: 2018-12-03 20:21:18
Subject: PRO/AH> Foot & mouth disease - Israel (11): (HZ) bovine, st O, wild boar conf, OIE
Archive Number: 20181203.6178494
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - ISRAEL (11): (HAZAFON) BOVINE, SEROTYPE O, WILD BOAR CONFIRMED, OIE
A ProMED-mail post http://www.promedmail.org
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Date: Sun 2 Dec 2018
Source: OIE, WAHID weekly disease information 2018; 31 (49) [edited]
http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=28824
Information received on [and updated] 2 Dec 2018 from Dr Shlomo Garazi, chief officer for import and export of the veterinary services, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, Israel
Report type: follow-up report no. 3
Date of start of the event: 5 Sep 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 9 Sep 2018
Report date: 2 Dec 2018
Date submitted to OIE: 2 Dec 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 16 Jul 2018
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: foot-and-mouth disease [FMD] virus
Serotype: O
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory (basic), laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country
New outbreaks (2)
Outbreak 1 (Mas'ade Forest): Mas'ade Forest, Golan, Hazafon
Date of start of the outbreak: 20 Nov 2018
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: natural park
Affected animals
Species / Cases / Susceptible / Deaths / Killed and disposed of
Wild boar - _Sus scrofa_ (Suidae) / 2 / not available / 0 / 2
Affected population: 2 wild boars were shot and sampled for FMD. The hoofs were detached. In the region, more wild boars have been seen limping.
Outbreak 2 (Kefar Szold): Kefar Szold, Tsefat, Hazafon
Date of start of the outbreak: 26 Nov 2018
Outbreak status: continuing (or date resolved not provided)
Epidemiological unit: other [see "affected population"]
Affected animals
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 120 / 20 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: free-ranging beef cattle. The herd consists of 120 cows that have been vaccinated 6 times in their lifetime; the last vaccination was on 15 Oct 2018. The farmer reports he has seen several limping wild boars among the cattle.
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 2
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Wild boar - _Sus scrofa_ (Suidae) / 2 / 2
Cattle / 120 / 20 / 0 / 0 / 0
Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments: The virus lineage of the 2 1st outbreaks is O/ME/Panasia-2. The lineage of the other outbreaks is pending.
Control measures
Measures applied: movement control inside the country; vaccination in response to the outbreak(s); surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone; surveillance within containment and/or protection zone; quarantine; zoning; no treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied: no other measures
Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type: Kimron Veterinary Institute, Virology Department (national laboratory)
Species / Test / Test date / Result
Cattle / pathogen isolation on cell culture / 29 Nov 2018 / positive
Cattle / reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / 29 Oct 2018 / positive
Wild boar / pathogen isolation on cell culture / 29 Nov 2018 / positive
Wild boar / reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) / 29 Nov 2018 / positive
Future reporting
The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
[The location of the outbreak can be seen on the interactive map at the source URL above.]
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Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
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[The suspected FMD cases in wild boar, reported to be suspected in 20181201.6175417, have been confirmed.
The involvement of wild boar in FMD outbreaks affecting livestock along Israel's northern borders has long been suspected/hypothesized. Their population is particularly dense in the northern Galilee, the Golan heights, and the northern part of the Jordan Valley (namely, on both sides of Israel's borders with southern Lebanon, southwest Syria, and northwest Jordan). The current event is the 1st since 1992, when clinical cases were readily observed in wild boar, followed by virus isolation.
Porcine animals, wild boar included, are regarded very prolific FMD virus amplifiers and a possible source of airborne spread of the virus, which, in certain weather and surface conditions, may reach relatively long distances.
In April 1987, the Kimron Veterinary Institute carried out experimental infection trials in wild boar and domestic pigs, with a field strain of FMD virus serotype O. The animals were clinically affected. The domestic pigs recovered; the wild boar died (Annual Report of the Veterinary Services for 1987, page 101, Hebrew).
In the current event, it has not been established if wild boar were the source of infection in cattle or vice versa. The possible role of wild boar in FMD epidemiology in the eastern Mediterranean region, where FMD seems to present a seasonal pattern, is of concern to all countries in the region, warranting further studies. - Mod.AS
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map:
Hazafon, Israel: http://healthmap.org/promed/p/1759]
